JUDITH JACKSON MSANGI - Head of Department

Judith Jackson Msangi (PhD) is the Lecturer and researcher as well. She is the Head of Department of Human Resource Management. Dr. Judith holds a PhD in Business Administration from University of Dar es Salaam, Master Degree in Public Administration (MPA) from Mzumbe University and Advanced Diploma in Human Resource Management from the Institute of Social Work. She is a business management profession with more than 13 years in training, research and consultancy. Her research areas of interest include HRM, business development, SMEs, emotional intelligence, leadership, change management, and product quality. She has published particularly on HRM, Employees engagement, Employees Communication, Product quality, strategic plan development skills, and small business growth. She also participated in the development of Strategic Plan, Action Plan, Research Policy, Consultancy Policy, and Curriculum development. Dr. Judith Msangi has experience in managerial position for more than 5 years as the Head of Human Resource Management department (Academic) at the Institute of Social Work, Member of Tender Board at the Institute of Social Work, member of Institute of Social Work Quality Assurance committee, Member of Research Committee, Institute of Social Work. She is Self-motivated, flexible and committed.

Correspondence: judith.msangi@isw.ac.tz

Advocate Elfrida Ijukaine - Assistant Lecturer

Advocate Elfrida Ijukaine is a dedicated Advocate and Legal Practitioner with over eight years of experience in the legal profession. She is known for her effectiveness in teaching various legal subjects, legal drafting, adjudication, and comprehensive research across multiple legal fields. Advocate Elfrida is a results-driven individual with a strong ability to collaborate with diverse stakeholders including youths, adults, farmers, consultants, local governments, ministries, donors, investors, NGOs, and private organizations. Advocate Elfrida is also a member of Tanganyika and East Africa Law society. She holds a Master of Laws (Economic Laws) from. St. Augustine University of Tanzania. She has worked as an Assistant Lecturer at Jordan University College from 2014 to 2023. Currently she is serving on the same position of Assistant Lecturer at the Institute of Social Work. Advocate Elfrida’s areas of research interest include Public and International laws.

Correspondence: elfrida.ijukaine@isw.ac.tz

Dr. Castissima Mella Rengua - Senior Lacturer

Dr. Castissima Mella Rengua is a distinguished Teacher, Librarian, academic and expert professional in the fields of Human Resource Management, Work Life Balance, Organizational Citizenship behavior, Customer Care, Work place happiness, Communication Skills, Business Administration, and Public Sector Citizenship behavior. She holds a Ph.D. in Business Administration from the University of Dar es Salaam and has a robust academic and professional background including significant contributions to both academia and industry to public sector governance and organizational development. As a Senior Lecturer at the Institute of Social Work and a Board Member of Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital, she demonstrates exceptional leadership and expertise in her areas of specialization. With 103 citations, an h-index of 5, and an i10-index of 2 on Google Scholar, she is a recognized researcher in her field. Her ResearchGate profile highlights a Research Interest Score of 128.6, reflecting her impactful work and dedication to advancing knowledge in her areas of specialization. Dr. Dr. Castissima has led numerous consultancy projects and training programs including collaborations with the International Labour Organisation (ILO), Abbott Fund Tanzania Limited (AFT), and the International Organization for Migration (IOM).
Dr. Castissima’s extensive academic qualifications, combined with her practical experience and numerous contributions to research and consultancy, establish her as a leading expert in her field. Her commitment to advancing knowledge and practice in her fields of expertise is evident through her ongoing engagement in teaching, research, and professional service.

Correspondence: castissima.rengua@isw.ac.tz

Ms. Devotha Mazengo - Assistant Lecturer

Ms. Devotha is an Assistant Lecturer in te Department of Human Resource Management at the Institute of Social Work. She holds a Masters degree in Human Resource Management from Ruaha Catholic University (RUCU) and a Bachelor degree in Public Administration from the University of Dodoma (UDOM). In addition to her teaching responsibilities, she conducts research and offers consultancy services. Devotha has held various positions including Administrative Officer and Project Coordinator at TAGRODE, Health and HIV Officer at Afya Women Group, Data Collector and Analyst at SMEC, Facilitator of Uzazi salama at Plan International and Assistant Lecturer at Iringa University where she delivered impactful results. She has extensive experience in developing HR manuals, strategic plans, business plans, administering compensation and benefits packages and conducting performance appraisals. Devotha has also participated in implementing various projects such as Renewable Energy (Iringa), Kukua Ni Kujifunza (Iringa), USAID Kizazi Kipya (Mbeya), Opportunities for youth Employment ( Iringa and Njombe), Mobile Application to Secure land Tenure (Iringa).

Correspondence: devotha.mazengo@isw.ac.tz

Dr. Dominic Nkolimwa - Director of Research, Consultancy and Publications.

Dr. Dominic Nkolimwa is the Director of Research, Consultancy and Publications. He is also a lecturer in the Department of Human Resource Management at the Institute of Social Work. He has vast experience saving as head of the department of research and consultancy before becoming a director. He holds a PhD in Business Management from the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. He has a master’s degree in Business Administration (MBA) from Mzumbe University, a first degree in Human Resource Management from the Institute of Social Work, and a diploma in Education from Korogwe TTC. He is a development professional with more than 20 years of experience in training, research, and consultancy. He has experience in curriculum development, design, and preparation of short courses for senior, line and lower cadre managers in public and private organizations. His academic background reflects an interest in understanding the relationship between people and their environment from a management spectrum of perspectives. His research interest and areas of expertise are management, marketing, occupational health and safety, human resource management, social science research, administration and labor laws, good governance, civic education, conflict management and resolutions. Further, Dr. Nkolimwa possesses expertise in preparing managerial and strategic policies and tools. He attended and presented papers in various international conferences. He has published various articles in reputable international and local journals in management, business, and education. Consultancy is one of his competencies.

Correspondence: dominic.nkolimwa@isw.ac.tz

EZEKIA ASIWELO KAMINYOGE - Tutorial Assistant

Ezekia Asiwelo Kaminyoge is a Tutorial Assistant in the Department of Human Resource Management. He olds a Bachelor's Degree in Human Resource Management from Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy, Dar es Salaam. Has extensive experience in higher education and religious institutions. He began his career at Teofilo Kisanji University in Mbeya, Tanzania as a Human Resources Officer II, managing HR records, recruitment, training, and employee welfare. His competence led to a promotion to Head of Administration and Human Resources where he oversaw daily operations and staff performance. He then served as Head of Human Resources and Administration at the Moravian Church in Tanzania Southwest Province, reviewing HR policies, updating employment schemes, maintaining staff relationships, and managing payroll. Currently, as a Tutorial Assistant at the Institute of Social Work in Dar es Salaam, Ezekia teaches up to NTA Level 6 curricula, supervises research and field training and prepares assessments. He is dedicated to student development and academic excellence. Fluent in Swahili and English, Ezekia excels in communication, empathy, time management, ethical conduct, and collaboration, with proficiency in Microsoft Office tools. Ezekia is interested in human resource management, administration, and education, reflecting his leadership, adaptability, and commitment to excellence.

Correspondence: ezekia.kaminyoge@isw.ac.tz/

Christina Fille - Assistant Lecturer

Christina Fille is an Economist and an Assistant Lecturer of Economics at the Institute of Social Work (ISW) in Tanzania. Christina is currently pursuing her PhD in Economics at the University of Dar es salaam, Tanzania. She holds a Master’s degree in Economics from the University of Nairobi, Kenya and a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from St. Augustine University of Tanzania (SAUT), Mwanza. Christina is a Fall 2019 Visiting Fellow at the Center for Effective Global Action (CEGA) in the University of California, Berkeley. She is also a 2024/2025 Africa Fellow in Education Program (AFEP) organized by Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) in partnership with the Global Education Analytics Institute (GEAI). She has experience in carrying out rigorous Impact Evaluation research using both Experimental and Quasi-experimental methods. Her research interests are in Development Economics, Labour Economics, International Economics, Feminist Economics, and Experimental Economics. She is also a member and the treasurer of the Network of Impact Evaluation Researchers in Africa (NIERA). Christina is about to published a paper on SMS Campaign to Increase COVID-19 Vaccine Take up in Tanzania in collaboration with Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF) and The National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR). The study was funded by Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) under the Strengthening Impact Evaluation Capacities for Development (SIECD) in East and West Africa program. Christina has conducted several consultancies on training the staff and the management of Tanzania Cigarette Company on Equity and Equality at Workplace; training all members of the Management of the Open University of Tanzania on Stress Management at Work Place; and developing Impact Evaluation curriculum and training Modules to be offered in academic and Research Institutions in the East African Countries.

Correspondence: christina.fille@isw.ac.tz

Frank James Goha - Tutorial Assistant

Mr. Frank James Goha is a Tutorial Assistant in Business Administration in the Department of Human Resource Management. He is well versed in the areas of Finance, Accounts and entrepreneurship for more than five years. He is currently pursuing his master’s degree in Business Administration (Finance) as well as CPA professional examinations. Frank currently holds a bachelor degree in Business administration from the Tanzania Institute of Accountancy. He has worked in several academic departmental capacities such as examination officer and curriculum development member.Frank’s research interests are in the areas of financial literacy, SMEs and entrepreneurship.

Correspondence: frank.goha@isw.ac.tz

Mr. Hassani Hassani - Tutorial Assistant

Mr. Hassani Hassani is a devoted and driven professional with substantial and diverse experience, skills, and knowledge in teaching, research and consultancy. He is a Tutorial Assistant in the Department of Human Resource Management at the Institute of Scial Work. He holds a Bachelor Degree of Human Resource Management from the Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy. His research interest is on training and development, occupational health and safety, motivation and workplace relation. Hassani delivered a variety of trainings including training prepared by BOT for Bank HR managers on the topics of strategic succession planning, HR auditing, HR data analytics, and measuring the effectiveness of strategic human resource management. He has also facilitated training sessions on performance evaluation and the integration of IT and HRM for HR Managers and Record Officers organized by the Zanzibar Records Management Trust (ZRM).

Correspondence: hassani.hassani2@isw.ac.tz

Ms. Helena Linus Tinanzila - Assistant Lecturer

Ms. Helena Linus Tinanzila a Tanzanian born in 01^st September 1995, is holding a Master`s degree in Business Administration (MBA GENERAL) from the Institute of Accountancy Arusha (IAA) Tanzania and a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA GENERAL) from Tanzania Institute of Accountancy (TIA). Her areas of academic competencies and specialization are Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Business Ethics, Business Environment, Management and Business-related studies. Currently she is working in the position of Assistant Lecturer in Entrepreneurship at the Institute of Social Work (ISW-Kijitonyama campus-Dar es Salaam). She joined the Institute in November, 2023. Apart from being an Assistant Lecturer at ISW, she also served as an external examiner of Semester examinations at the Institute of Accountancy from 2021 to 2022 and participated in reviewing some academic curricula at Tanzania Institute of Accountancy. She is interested in researching about SME’s, Marketing and Mental health.

Correspondence: helena.tinanzila@isw.ac.tz

Mr. Daudi David Henjewele - Assistant Lecturer

Mr. Daudi David Henjewele currently serves as an Assistant Lecturer of Entrepreneurship at the Institute of Social Work in Kijitonyama, Dar es Salaam. With extensive experience spanning over 11 years, he brings a robust background in academia and industry. Mr. Henjewele holds a Master's degree in Business Administration from National Cheng Kung University, awarded in 2018. He earned his Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from the College of Business Education in 2013 and a Diploma in Business Administration from the same institution in 2009. His research interests primarily focus on the impact of country risk on the financial performance of foreign partners, particularly within Sub-Saharan Africa. This area forms the core of his academic pursuits and publications. He published a comprehensive study titled Doing Strategic Alliance in Sub-Saharan Africa: How Does Country Risk Affect Foreign Partners' Financial Performance? (2018) at National Cheng Kung University.

Correspondence: daudi.henjewele@isw.ac.tz

Jerry Auson Ndalanga - Assistant Lecturer

Mr. Jerry Auson Ndalanga is an Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Human Resource Management (Academics) at the Institute of Social Work. He is a holder of Bachelor of Arts with Education (majoring in Political Science and Public Administration, and History) from the University of Dar es Salaam, MSc in Human Resource Management from Mzumbe University. Mr. Jerry is PhD candidate in Human Resource Management at the Open University of Tanzania. His research areas of interests include Workers Management, Labour Relations, Precarious Jobs, Occupational Health and Safety of Workers, Social protection, rural development, children and youth. Mr. Jerry has conducted a myriad of short Courses in Employees Management, Employees Discipline, Customer Care and Retention, Organization Performance, Industrial Relations, Code and Ethics, Labour Laws, Leadership Skills, Work-life balance, diversity management, stress management etc. His teaching specialties include but not limited to: Recruitment and Selection, Health in Business Management, Fundamentals of Human Resource Functions, Supervisory Skills, Orientation and Placement, Development Studies, industrial relations, social protection, Health and safety in business organization. His Key responsibilities include: Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Human Resource Management. Jerry Auson Ndalanga brings a wealth of academic knowledge and practical experience to his role. He is responsible for delivering lectures, conducting tutorials, and guiding students in various modules related to human resource management. Jerry actively contributes to curriculum development, engages in scholarly research in his areas of interest, and mentors students in their academic and professional growth. He participates in departmental meetings, workshops, and committees to contribute to the academic and administrative functions of the department and collaborates with colleagues on interdisciplinary research projects and initiatives aimed at advancing knowledge in the field of human resource management.

Correspondence: jerry.ndalanga@isw.ac.tz

Praise Judicate Naftal - Assistant Lecturer

Praise Judicate Naftal is an Assistant Lecturer in the department of Human Resource Management (Academics) at the Institute of Social Work, Dar es Salaam. She holds a Master’s of Science in Human Resource Management from Mzumbe University and has more than 5 years of experience in teaching, research and consultancy.Her areas of interest for research include but not limited to mental health and organizational behavior, organizational change, conflict management and emotional intelligence. Praise has been involved in various endeavors including policy formulation and evaluation, job evaluation and curriculum development.She has prepared and facilitated numerous short courses on employees’ mental health, conflict management, organizational change and occupational stress management (2019-2023). Praise has also conducted a variety of outreach programs including training on opportunities and challenges in business operations for entrepreneurs and health and safety practices for automotive workshops and gas stations (2021-2023). For research and consultancy projects.

Correspondence: praise.naftal@isw.ac.tz

Dr. Prisca F. Kimaryo - Head of Quality Assurance Unit

Prisca Fidelis Kimaryo (PhD) is a Lecturer at the Institute of Social Work in Dar es Salaam Tanzania in the department of Human Resource Management. She holds a PhD in Business Administration from the University of Dar es Salaam, Masters in Public Administration (MPA) from the University of Dodoma, Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) from the University of Arusha and Diploma in Education from Marangu Teachers Training College. Prisca is an experienced teacher as she has been teaching in various secondary and currently facilitating in a higher learning Institution. Prisca’s research interests are in education, management, motivation, gender, change management, early childhood development, agriculture and entrepreneurship. She has published papers on education and management, carried out consultancies and conduct training and mentorship respectively. Prisca served as head of departments in different schools served, students’ counsellor and in-charge of environmental conservation. She was a member of parliament from the school of Education at the University of Arusha, the chairperson of Curriculum Committee in the Human Resource Management department, departmental examination committee member, field work committee member and Institute’s Gender Help Desk committee member. She has awards on research methodology participation between University of Gothenburg and University of Dar es Salaam through SIDA, research methodology participation at the Open University of Tanzania and Data analysis by using MAXQDA 2020 & 2022 at University of Dar es Salaam and Entrepreneurship in Agribusiness Training of Trainer Course in Partnership with the University of Dar es Salaam and Technische Universitat Berlin. She also participated in the Africa Evidence Summit under Centre for Effective Global Action (CEGA) 2024. Lastly, Prisca is an expert in Counselling, Psychology, Research, Curriculum Development & Review, Examination Setting and Moderation. Prisca is self-motivated, hardworking, flexible and a quick learner. Prisca’s happiness lies on providing quality services to satisfy her customers/clients.

Correspondence: prisca.kimaryo@isw.ac.tz

Kudra Wedye Nyirenda - Assistant Lecturer

Kudra Wedye Nyirenda is an Assistant Lecturer (Mathematics) at the Institute of Social Work. Kudra's academic journey is marked by her exceptional performance and dedication to the field of mathematics and education. She holds a Master of Science in Mathematical Sciences from the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) in 2017. Prior to that, she earned her Bachelor of Science with Education, specializing in Mathematics and Geography from Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) in 2015. Her research interest is in applied mathematics focusing on mathematical modelling.

Correspondence: kudra.nyirenda@isw.ac.tz

Mr. Japhet Peter Lihanjala - Assistant Lecturer

Mr. Japhet works at the Institute of Social Work as an Assistant Lecturer inb the Department of Human Resource Management. Mr. Japhet has Masters of Science Degree in Finance from Peking University HSBC Business School and Bachelor of Science Degree in Economics and Finance from Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance. He is in the final stages of CPA-T qualification. Prior to joining the Institute, he worked at Orbit Securities as a financial advisor/analyst trainee at Orbit Securities and at Beyond the Bund Shanghai as an accounting and finance trainee. At the Institute of Social Work, Japhet teaches economics, accounting, corporate finance and other courses related to finance and management. He has done consultancies on taxation and accounting and several trainings on Ms Excel application, digital marketing, python application. His research areas are capital markets, mergers and acquisition, FinTech, and financial inclusion.

Correspondence: japhet.lihanjala@isw.ac.tz

Alphonce L.Magambo - Assistant Lecturer

Mr. Alphonce is an Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Human resource Management at the Institute of Social Work. He holds a Master’s Degree in Business Administration (MBA - Finance and Banking), Post-graduate Diploma of Economic Diplomacy, Mphil Public Administration, and Bachelor of Business Administration (Marketing). Mr. Magambo’s research areas of interest include Corporate Governance; International Relations; Financial Management; Marketing. He has published on The Effectiveness of Government Regulations on Corporate Governance in Commercial Banks in Tanzania. Mr. Magambo has carried out consultancies on: The perception of Corporate Social responsibility of the mining communities in Tanzania; The evolution and challenges of corporate governance in Tanzania; and The role of internal control (internal audit and board of directors) towards good corporate governance in selected commercial banks in Tanzania

Correspondence: alphonce.magambo@isw.ac.tz

Elizabeth S. J. Mashishanga - Assistant Lecturer

Ms. Elizabeth Stephen Joshua Mashishanga is an Assistant Lecturer and Researcher in the Department of Human Resource Management as well as Gender Help Desk Coordinator in Gender Unit. She is a PhD Candidate in Business Administration (UDSM), Masters qualified HR professional with over 10 years’ experience of providing exemplary HR operation supports/lecturing/consultancy/research/capacity building, an experienced Gender affiliation mainstreaming coordinator and activism, Postgraduate Diploma in Management of Foreign Relations and secretarial bureau. She is an expert who has skills across diverse sectors including Higher learning, Banking and vocational education and training institutions. Possessing the necessary below skills to not only hit the ground running but initiate improvements to streamline operations within the office by utilising in – depth knowledge of HR, Management, Administrative issues, Gender issues, International relations issues and diplomacy practices, employment law etc. I have been an exceptionally strong performer within and out as an operational support. She teaches several modules like Compensation Management, Performance Management, Human Resources Orientation and Placement, Human Resource Planning, Functions of Human Resource Management, Entrepreneurship Skills, Fundamentals of Management Principles, Human Resource Training and Development, Public Relations and Customer Care, International Human Resource Management

Area of interest in research: Education and Learning, Business and Management, HRM, Health, Mental Health and Wellbeing, Gender Issues, In progress with research titles: Compensation System and Innovative Work Behaviour, Masaai Girls in Formal Education, Gender and Social Inclusion (on progress)**

Experience:

• Currently working as Assistant Lecturer in Human Resources Department and Coordinator of Gender Unit at the Institute of Social Work
• Other Worked as Human Resource Officer/Office Manager at Tanzania Women’s Bank(TWB(2010-2012), Temporary Assistant HR at Tanzania Revenue Authority(TRA-2009), Senior Personal Secretary at Vocational Education and Training Authority(VETA)(2000 – 2009), several times Acted as Head of Department HRM (2013-2019)
• Expert in Coaching; Counseling and Coordinating Gender Help Desk
• Expert/Facilitator in schools/organizations - Training/Capacity Building in Gender-Based Violence and Community Engagement Activism, Strategic HRM, Training and Development, Recruitment, Strategic Leadership, Exceptional Customer Care Services, General Office Management, Equity and Equality; mental Health and work life balance( Tanzania Cigarette Company Ltd, Engineers Registration Board, Tanzania Womens Bank, Banunu Investment Co. Ltd, Coca Cola Kwanza, Tanzania Public Secretarial College etc)
• Policy Developer - Training and Development, Recruitment, Disciplinary, Gender, Anti-Sexual Harassment, Compensation;
• Expert in Recruitment and Selection, Quality Assurance, Examination coordinating,
• Expert Dispute Resolution - Students Disciplinary Committee, Staff and Students Disciplinary and Complaints Committee, General Disciplinary Committee
• Expert Reviewer - Scheme of Service and Developer of Human Resource Personnel Manual and Incentive Scheme, Strategic Plan and Teaching Curriculums

Correspondence: elizabeth.mashishanga@isw.ac.tz

Mr. Franck Raphael Mollel - Assistant Lecturer

Mr. Franck Raphael Mollel serves as an Assistant Lecturer in Finance at the Institute of Social Work. He earned his Master of Science in Accounting and Finance (MSc.A&F) from Mzumbe University. He also holds a Bachelor of Arts in Cooperative Management and Accounting (BA-CMA) with a major in accounting from the University College of Cooperative and Business Studies (MUCCoBS) and a Diploma in Accounting (DA) from the College of Business Education (CBE). His research interests include macro and micro economic variables, banking and finance, financial markets, taxation on small and medium enterprises.

Correspondence: franck.mollel@isw.ac.tz

Dr. Happy Michael Mwakajila - Director of Academic Support Services

Dr. Happy M Mwakajila is a Lecturer in the Department of Human Resource Management Department and the Director of Academic Support Services. She holds a PhD in Business Administration (University of Dar es Salaam - Dar es Salaam Business School), Master of Science in Human Resource Management (MScHRM) from Mzumbe University (Dar es Salaam Business School) and Bachelor Degree in Public Administration (Human Resource Management) from Mzumbe University. Happy’s research interests and areas of expertise include human resource management, leadership, small business development, human capital development, and innovative work behavior. She has published on a variety of areas including leadership styles, small and medium enterprise development, innovative work behavior, and human resource management practices and has also been engaged in consultancies on areas of human resource management and policy formulation.

Correspondence: happy.mwakajila@isw.ac.tz

Najiath Swaibu Ismail - Assistant lecturer

Najiath Swaibu Ismail is an Assistant lecturer in accounting in the department of Human Resource Management (Academics) at the Institute of Social Work. Najiath holds a Masters of Finance and investment from The Institute of Finance Management in 2016. She also holds a Bachelor degree in Accountancy from The Institute of Finance Management.

Najiath’s research interest revolves around Corporate Finance, Financial Regulations and Corporate Social Responsibilities.

Correspondence: najiath.ismail2@isw.ac.tz

Patricia Paul Buswage - Assistant Lecturer

Patricia Paul Buswage is an accomplished Assistant Lecturer specializing in Business Administration at the Institute of Social Work, Dar es Salaam. With a robust academic background and extensive professional experience, she has made significant contributions to the academia, consultancy and research within the fields of Accounting, Finance, and Procurement and Supplies. Patricia hold a Master of Business Administration from St. Augustine University of Tanzania (2013), complemented by a Bachelor of Business Administration (2011) from the same institution. Her academic journey has fostered a deep interest in Financial Management, Procurement and Supplies, Auditing, Administration, Organizational Finance which have shaped her research pursuits and consultancy endeavours. Over the years, she has engaged in impactful consultancy roles including advising Upendo Daima on financial management systems and grant administration from 2015 to 2019 and supporting WAJA Specialized Hospital in policy formulation and budget planning from 2019 to 2020. Currently, she is volunteering as a Consultant with Waridi la Matumaini since 2019. She has contributed her expertise in financial strategy and resource allocation, aiding organizations in optimizing their operational effectiveness and financial sustainability.

Correspondence: patricia.buswage@isw.ac.tz